初中英语语法的考察主要集中在词法部分,句法部分的语法内容在初中阶段考察较少且容易,所以同学们在学习初中语法时可以从词法部分进行快速突破,即先把词法变换规律这一模块掌握好再谈句法,下面我着重给同学们总结了下列这些考试中常考的关于词法的变换规律,同学们课下要好好消化如何突破英语。
一如何突破英语、可数名词单数变复数类1.规则变化:
(1)一般情况加-s, 如: girls, books, pens, bags, boys, days等如何突破英语。
(2)以s, x, ch, sh结尾加-es, 如: buses, boxes, watches, brushes等
(3)以o结尾的名词,无生命的名词多加-s,有生命的名词多加-es。
如photos,zoos,potatoes,tomatoes等
(4)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词, 变y为i加-es,
如: cities, stories
(5)以f或fe结尾的名词变f或fe为v加-es。
如: leaves, knives, shelves,wives等。
2.不规则变化的名词要熟记:
Man-men, woman-women, child-children, foot-feet,tooth-teeth, mouse-mice, people-people, sheep-sheep, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese,deer-deer , man worker-men workers ,woman doctor-women doctors
二、动词/名词变形容词类1.在动词后加后缀-ful
如:care-careful ,use-useful;
thank-thankful,help-helpful;
wonder-wonderful,forget-forgetful
2.在名词后加-y
如:luck-lucky, cloud-cloudy;
wind-windy, rain-rainy;
sun-sunny, snow-snowy
noise-noisy,health-healthy
3.在名词后加-ly
如:friend-friendly,love-lovely
4.方位名词加-ern
如:east-eastern,west-western
south-southern,north-northern
三、形容词加后缀变成名词1.形容词加-ty变成名词
如:safe-safety,difficult-difficulty
2.形容词加-th变成名词
如:true-truth,warm-warmth,young-youth
四、形容词变副词类1.一般形容词词尾加-ly变成副词,
如:slow-slowly, clear-clearly
quick-quickly, quiet-quietly
careful-carefully, sudden-suddenly
real-really, polite-politely
safe-safely, wide-widely
2.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,要变y为i加-ly
如:easy-easily, happy-happily
heavy-heavily, lucky-luckily
busy-busily, angry-angrily;
3.以元音字母加e结尾,去e加-ly
如:true-truly
4.以辅音字母加-le结尾,去e加-y
如:terrible-terribly possible-possibly
5.形容词与副词同形
如:fast-fast,early-early,high-high,hard-hard
注意:hard作形容词时意思是“困难的;硬的;生硬的”等;作副词时意思是“努力地”。hardly是否定副词,意思是“几乎不”。
五、动词变名词类1.动词加-er变成名词
如:work-worker farm-farmer teach-teacher
sing-singer speak-speaker play-player
read-reader drive-driver write-writer
ride-rider dance-dancer run-runner
win-winner cook-cooker travel-traveler
2.动词加-or 变成名词
如:visit-visitor,invent-inventor,conduct-conductor,act-actor
六、基数词变序数词类:主要掌握好1---12和20、30、40、50、60、70、80、90及21、22、23这几个序数词的形式:
one-first twenty-twentieth
two- second thirty -thirtieth
three-third forty -fortieth
four- fourth fifty -fiftieth
five - fifth sixty -sixtieth
six- sixth seventy -seventieth
seven- seventh eighty -eightieth
eight-eighth ninety -ninetieth
nine-ninth ten- tenth
eleven-eleventh twelve-twelfth
twenty-one ~twenty-first twenty-two ~twenty-second
twenty-three ~twenty-third
本回答部分摘自我的新书《初中英语自诊断》重难点500词辨析详解,书中完型阅读配套视频讲解近800个,扫一扫题目下方二维码即可观看视频,欢迎关注微信公众号teacheray咨询。